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Notre-Dame: Fire, restoration, history & more

Notre-Dame is special because it is an iconic masterpiece of Gothic architecture, a symbol of Paris and French heritage, and a site of immense historical, cultural, and spiritual significance. Built between the 12th and 14th centuries, it showcase...

Also Known As

Notre-Dame Cathedral

Founded On

1345

Founded By

Maurice de Sully

Notre Dame Cathedral

Quick Information

ADDRESS

Notre Dame, Paris, France

RECOMMENDED DURATION

2 hours

Timings

08:00–18:45

VISITORS PER YEAR

1200000

TICKETS

From € 9.99

NUMBER OF ENTRANCES

EXPECTED WAIT TIME - STANDARD

1-2 hours (Peak), 0-30 mins (Off Peak)

UNESCO YEAR

1991

Plan your visit

Did you know?

Notre-Dame is located on the Île de la Cité, and its forecourt (Parvis) marks Point Zéro, the official center of France, from which all distances in the country are measured.

Notre-Dame houses one of Christianity's most revered relics, believed to be the Crown of Thorns worn by Jesus during his crucifixion.

The largest bell, called Emmanuel, weighs over 13 tons and has been tolling since 1685. It rang to mark key events, such as the end of World War II.

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Book tickets to Notre-Dame

Notre-Dame Outdoor Guided Walking Tour with Crypt Entry

Free cancellation

Instant confirmation

Mobile ticket

1 hr.

Guided tour

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from

€36

Notre-Dame Archeological Crypt Tickets

Mobile ticket

Flexible duration

Audio guide

Guided tour

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from

€11

Notre-Dame Audio Guided Tour

Free cancellation

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Mobile ticket

1 hr. - 2 hr.

Audio guide

Guided tour

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from

€9.99

Eternal Notre-Dame VR Experience Tickets

Extended validity

Mobile ticket

45 min.

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from

€30.99

Why visit Notre-Dame?

1/5

As one of the most iconic Gothic masterpieces in the world, it offers a captivating blend of art, spirituality, and storytelling.

What to see in and around Notre-Dame?

Notre-Dame’s interior is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, filled with awe-inspiring features and sacred relics. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

The Nave

Grand Gothic arches: The nave is flanked by towering columns supporting ribbed vaults that draw your eyes upward, creating an ethereal, spiritual ambiance.
Light play: Observe how light filters through the stained-glass windows, illuminating the space with a colorful glow.

The Altar and Pietà

High altar: The centerpiece of Notre-Dame’s interior, featuring gold accents and surrounded by religious artwork.
Pietà sculpture: Located behind the altar, this Baroque masterpiece by Nicolas Coustou depicts the Virgin Mary cradling Jesus.

Stained-glass windows

The West Rose Window: The oldest of the three rose windows, depicting the Last Judgment.
The North Rose Window: Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, featuring deep blues and intricate designs.
The South Rose Window: The most vibrant and largest, showcasing Christ in the center surrounded by apostles and saints.
Lesser Windows: Throughout the cathedral, smaller windows display vivid biblical scenes.

Chapels and statues

Side chapels: A series of smaller chapels along the nave dedicated to various saints, each featuring unique altars, frescoes, and sculptures.
Statues: Admire statues of saints, apostles, and biblical figures, many of which were restored or added during the 19th century.

The Treasury

Sacred relics: This museum houses a collection of religious artifacts, including liturgical objects, vestments, and sculptures such as The Crown of Thorns, believed to have been worn by Jesus.

The great organ

Restored organ: A marvel of musical craftsmanship, this instrument boasts nearly 8,000 pipes and five keyboards.
Organ recitals: Check schedules for live performances showcasing the organ's majestic sound.

Archaeological Crypt

Beneath Notre-Dame: A fascinating underground museum beneath the square, showcasing Roman and medieval ruins that highlight the history of the Île de la Cité. And also artifacts from ancient Paris, including remains of Roman roads and buildings.

Book tickets to the Crypt

Île de la Cité

Island’s treasures: This historic heart of Paris is a small island on the Seine River packed with iconic landmarks such as Saint-Chapelle, Conciergerie, Pont Neuf, and more, as well as beautiful architecture and cultural significance.

The neighborhood in detail

Brief history of Notre-Dame

1163: Construction begins under Bishop Maurice de Sully during the reign of King Louis VII.
13th century: Iconic rose windows and flying buttresses are added, solidifying its Gothic design.
1793–1794: Desecrated during the French Revolution; many religious artifacts are destroyed, and the cathedral is used as a warehouse.
1804: Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned emperor inside Notre-Dame.
1831: Victor Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre-Dame reignites public interest in the cathedral.
1944: Bells ring to celebrate the liberation of Paris during World War II.
2019: A devastating fire destroys the wooden roof and collapses the spire.
2024: Reopening following a comprehensive restoration effort.

Deep dive into the history of Notre-Dame

Notre-Dame: Before and after

The fire that shook the world

A devastating tragedy unfolded on the evening of April 15, 2019, when a fire broke out in Notre-Dame Cathedral's attic, destroying its wooden roof and toppling its iconic spire. The damage was profound, deeply affecting the historic structure and the global community that cherishes Notre-Dame. In an extraordinary show of solidarity, over €840 million was pledged within a week to restore the cathedral, reaffirming its place as a cherished cultural and spiritual landmark.

Rise from the ashes

The Notre-Dame that stands today is a blend of the familiar and the renewed. Its sculptures gleam with restored brilliance, the stained-glass windows radiate with enhanced vibrancy, and intricate Art Deco details shine as never before—surely a sight that would make Quasimodo proud!

One of the highlights is the meticulously rebuilt roof and spire, the most ambitious aspect of the restoration. This monumental effort involved traditional materials like oak wood and limestone to honor 13th-century craftsmanship while seamlessly incorporating modern safety standards. The restoration demanded exceptional precision, artisan expertise, and careful attention to environmental sustainability, ensuring both historical authenticity and cultural preservation.

Visitors can also explore exhibits and installations celebrating the cathedral’s remarkable journey—from its Gothic origins to its awe-inspiring modern restoration.

Architecture of Notre-Dame

The architecture of Notre-Dame Cathedral is a prime example of French Gothic design, characterized by soaring verticality, intricate details, and innovative structural elements.
Its iconic façade features twin towers, sculpted portals, and a stunning rose window, while the interior boasts ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and expansive stained-glass windows that fill the space with vibrant light.
The cathedral’s high vaulted ceilings and large windows were revolutionary, allowing for greater light and airiness.
Its famous spire is a defining feature, along with gargoyles and chimeras adorning the structure. Notre-Dame's architectural innovations have influenced cathedrals worldwide, cementing its place as a masterpiece of Gothic design.

The interior and exterior in detail

Notre-Dame as a place of worship

Notre Dame Cathedral holds profound religious significance as a sacred site for Catholic worship, symbolizing the enduring presence of faith through centuries. It has been the venue for significant religious ceremonies, including coronations, royal weddings, and national funerals, while also housing sacred relics such as the Crown of Thorns, believed to be worn by Christ during His crucifixion. The cathedral's architectural design, with its soaring spires and radiant stained glass, inspires spiritual reflection and draws millions of pilgrims seeking a connection to divine transcendence.

Frequently asked questions about Notre-Dame

Is Notre-Dame Cathedral open to visitors?

After 5 years of restoration, Notre-Dame has reopened its doors to the public, although access may be restricted during certain events or restoration works. Be sure to check ahead for updates, especially following the 2019 fire restoration efforts.

What makes Notre-Dame so special?

Notre-Dame is renowned for its stunning Gothic architecture, historical significance, and cultural importance. It has been the site of numerous royal events, religious ceremonies, and cultural milestones. Its restoration after the 2019 fire further solidifies its place as a beloved symbol of resilience and history.

Why was Notre-Dame built?

Notre-Dame was built primarily as a place of worship and to serve as a symbol of the power and prestige of the Catholic Church in Paris and France.

Can I visit the interior of Notre-Dame Cathedral?

Yes, visitors can explore the interior of the cathedral. However, access to the towers is restricted, and separate tickets are required to enter the crypt.

Are there any special events or exhibitions at Notre-Dame?

Notre-Dame hosts various religious events, concerts, and exhibitions throughout the year, including during its restoration period. It's best to check the official website for any upcoming events during your visit.

Can I attend a Mass or religious service at Notre-Dame?

Yes, Mass is regularly celebrated at Notre-Dame Cathedral, and visitors are welcome to attend. Special religious ceremonies and events are also held throughout the year, particularly during Christian holidays.

How old is the Notre-Dame Cathedral?

Notre Dame Cathedral was built over a period of nearly 200 years, starting in 1163 and finishing in 1345, making it over 850 years old.

Can I take photos inside Notre-Dame Cathedral?

Photography is allowed inside the Cathedral, but flash photography and the use of tripods are prohibited to preserve the artwork and artifacts.